Showing posts with label Hinduism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hinduism. Show all posts

Saturday, September 24, 2016

What calls itself magic isn't. And what does not call itself so actually relies on magic.

During a recent stay at an AirBnB, I was in a house with an extensive collection of books - including this one that caught my eye.  I was so fascinated that I ordered the book from Amazon within minutes. This book isn't about magic as you normally think of it. But it is about magic, the magic called religion. It is about Paganism, about wizards and about witches. This book was my first insight into Paganism. And, my attraction was due to the fact that the book could very well be describing Hinduism. The sections are: 1) The arts of the ritual, 2) By the light of the Sun, Moon and Stars, 3) The Symbolic Tools, 4) Marking the Cycle of the year, and 5) Developing super senses.
Given that Hinduism and Paganism as so close to each other, that it would not be inappropriate to classify the two together.

Like Hinduism, there is emphasis on rituals, and on nature around us - positions of stars, planets and moon, time of the year, "elements" like fire. And on gemstones and chanting. And on meditation.

There are differences too. Most practitioners of Hinduism believe in its magic, yet, will bristle if you use the term magic. Paganism calls itself magic.

Pagan magic is done through rituals. In my brief introduction through this book, I see that most Pagan rituals are mindful activities - each ritual has a specific meaning that the performer needs to pay attention to. On the other side, most Hindu rituals (not all, mind you) that I have had the chance to experience have been done mindlessly - you do what the priest or the text tells you to do without knowing anything about the why of it.

It is time we tried to understand Hindu rituals - by asking questions before doing them. They all have deep meaning - it is just that the meaning is lost. Lost because priests performing them either did not want the masses to know, or they themselves did not know. I suspect it is the first one that led to the second one. That is what makes it magic. And we need to make it practical magic rather than blind one.





Sunday, July 5, 2009

Aniconic and Iconic images in Indian Religion

In India, while there are millions of deities, with well-defined forms, there are also aniconic images that are worshiped regularly.

Examples of aniconic images include:
  1. Local devtas, typically called devis, bhairavs, peers etc. You see them by the side of the road, with a silver-colored foil and kumkum on them.
  2. Saligram (typically found on the bed of Gandaki river in Nepal) - represent Vishnu
  3. Stones from Vraj - represent Krishna
  4. Stones from Narmada - Bana Linga - representing Shiva
  5. Crafted shivlings
  6. Fire
(2, 3, and 4 above are considered to have divinity in them, and can be put in a temple, and their pooja started even without consecrating them.)

Sunday, June 21, 2009

Early evolution of Hinduism in India

Syncretism: The attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/syncretism)

Syncretism is at the root of the millions of Deities in Hinduism. As Hindu society came in contact with other forms of worship, it formed unions with them, increasing the number of deities. Even Buddha has been accepted into Hinduism, and is considered the 9th Avatar of Vishnu. (The 10th, Kalki, is yet to come.)

Early Hinduism relied heavily on rituals. Over time, these rituals became rigid, and common people rebelled against them. That created an environment conducive to the rise of two new religions - Buddhism and Jainism. They both started around 5th century BCE.

Another few offshoots of Hinduism started a few centuries later. The Bhakti and Tantra movements, both started around the 1st century CE.

Bhakti relied on direct worship, and Krishna is the most freqeunt target of this direct worship.
"Tantrics sought to gain spiritual fulfillment by acquiring power through social transgressions, including ritual sex."*

Around the time, a third sect - Pashupat was also started - by Lakulisha. Followers consider him the 28th and last Avatar of Shiva.

Today, Bhakti, Tantra and Pashupata are considered part of Hinduism. Despite attempts to assimilate Buddhism, it has remained as a separate religion. What about Jainism - there is no clear literature on whether or not attempts were made to assimilate Jainism and Lord Mahaveer into Hinduism.

But, Hinduism's evolution continues through syncretism.

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* Indian Art, Partha Mitter, Oxford University Press, Pg. 81.